Brief ‘timeline’ (evolution) of American dollar! Think of this $ continually ‘changing’ since it’s origin!
America started with 13 colonies (1733 to 1792) and no universal currency for the nation. Foreign coins and bills were the medium of exchange (mostly). Then around 1775, Benjamin Franklin started his ‘printing’ press (in his basement) and started to print Continental notes of various denominations. Our Continental Congress approved these notes as official ‘legal tender’ for the colonies. Notes were printed from 1776 to 1781…then the currency collapsed as hyper-inflation emerged for the colonies. Not worth a Continental was the new mantra.
Thomas Jefferson noticed this chaos with ‘paper’ notes serving as America’s money. He then devised a new monetary system for our nation (based on silver and gold). Thomas defined the American dollar as 371.25 grains of silver (Ag). The gold dollar was defined as 24.75 grains of Au. This new monetary/currency system was approved by our Congress in 1792. A new Mint was build for coining money for the nation. All money must be composed of either silver/gold/copper (no paper notes were allowed). Article I, Section 10, and Article I Section 8 of our Constitution.
American money evolved from this starting point (1792)… it all changed when we experienced the Civil War (1861 – 1865). Abraham Lincoln issued new paper notes called the ‘greenbacks’ which served as our legal tender for some 15 years. Inflation reached some 60% during this period as excess money was issued during the war years for the norther Union. Congress continued to approve new Treasury notes after the war.
Then in 1913 Woodrow Wilson approved the Federal Reserve Act and this resulted in the issuance of Federal Reserve Notes as America’s legal tender. But over issuance of notes was a continuing problem and in 1929 our Stock Market crashed as new hyper-inflation occured for the nation. Then in 1933, a new President, (Franklin Delano Roosevelt), emerged and he mandated that all American’s exchange their gold at the FED for $20.67 per ounce. This policy was meant to create new ‘confidence’ in the Federal Reserve Note going forward.
This agreement lasted until 1971 (some 25 years) when President Nixon noticed that our gold supply had decreased (since 1946) by some 65%. This led Nixon (with the advice of his Treasury Secretary and also Economist Milton Friedman) to CLOSE the gold window to all foreigners (their Central Banks). This resulted in a new international dollar that was called ‘fiat’ (meaning a faith dollar). This faith dollar was changed in 1975 to a Petro Dollar as Nixon and Kissinger were able to create a new pricing agreement with OPEC. This new pricing agreement ‘forced’ all buyers of oil (from OPEC) to use America dollars for their purchase. This agreement lasted until 1924 (50 years) when Saudi Arabia allowed China and the BRICS nations to use their national currencies for the purchase of oil.
Today, 2026, we use (mostly) digital currencies for our international trade and our domestic trade. All this started in 2008 (after the last financial crisis). Digital money (also called ‘virtual’ money) has emerged for nearly 95% of all financial transactions worldwide. This type of money circulates within ‘cyberspace’ (our computer screens) and acts as mere ‘imaginary’ numbers (with currency ‘names’).
Fed policy is now KEY to the growth and stability of our global economies. The Key Central Banks on this planet are that of the U.S. Fed, the Bank of China, the Bank of England, and the Bank of Japan. All currencies are now mostly ‘cyber’ currencies (virtual/digital) and the stability of our global financial system will depend on the policies of our Central Banks (mostly the Central Bank of America). Watch the FED is the new mantra for all citizens who use money in today’s world of algorithms and computers.
The timeline of our American currency system can be assumed as starting in 1775 and probably ending in the next decade or so. Virtual money does create instability and it does not allow our nation to repay any of its accumulated DEBT (now over $115 trillion). You can witness our financial situation here: http://www.usdebtclock.org. Our National Debt is over $40 trillion and our total DEBT is over $115 trillion. None of this can be repaid and our politicians now assume that new DEBT can be added indefinitely. Wow!
Review this ‘timeline’ for understanding of our monetary history. It’s very interesting and enlightening. Money is the ‘life blood’ of our economy and its future will determine the future of us all. Who understands this history? Few to NONE! That has been my experience as a teacher of this history to various students who desire WISDOM and UNDERSTANDING! Watch the Markets for new changes going forward!!!
I am: Donald Brynolf Swenson, Economist/Philosopher, https://kingdomecon.wordpress.com.
ASSUMPTIONS create our ‘reality’! What does this mean in real-time?
Both science and religion now recognize that reality derives from human ASSUMPTIONS. Even materialist scientists who understand quantum physics recognize that human ‘observation’ (via one’s consciousness) collapses the ‘wave function’ when measuring quantum particles. This means that all reality is essentially ‘subjective’ and one’s ASSUMPTIONS create one’s reality in real-time. Wow!
Socrates had it right when he concluded that all reality is subjective and this means that we all should recognize that we essentially ‘KNOW’ nothing (objectively). Objective reality is impossible on planet Earth as human beings derive reality from their subjective mindset (consciousness). I observe some object in nature (say the sunset) and then I derive meaning from this observation. Another person will also derive meaning…but differently!
Who can derive specific ‘objective’ reality from their ‘observations’ or ‘thinking’? I say NONE! Socrates also concluded that human beings do not really KNOW anything when questioned fully. Human beings claim they know objective reality…but this is really an illusion. No human being really KNOWS objective reality. Scientist’s claim (not all) that reality can be measured and discerned ‘objectively’. Most scientists who claim this are ‘materialist’ in their philosophy. But, today, many scientists will admit that reality (at the quantum level) is subjective and unknowable. It’s called the ‘measurement’ problem!
Scientists use math (measurement) to discern reality. But all this is done via their subjective ‘thinking’ (consciousness). This means that they actually cannot ‘measure’ reality (fully) at the quantum level. Philosophers will now admit that human beings have a ‘unique’ mindset and no two human beings will think identically. Even measurement of material objects reveals ‘subjectivity’ at the quantum level. This means that all reality is essentially subjective! Wow!
Assumptions and beliefs are at the core of all human thinking. I ‘think’ prior to my ‘observations’. Thinking is subjective and this makes ‘observation’ also subjective. No two human beings will THINK identically on any issue of reality. What does this mean for human relationships? It means that we all must accept each person as having a ‘unique’ viewpoint about reality. My ‘viewpoint’ will be somewhat ‘different’ from yours (and vice versa).
When I think about the MACRO picture, I witness that all 8.2 billion people on this planet have a ‘unique’ viewpoint about reality. Each person uses ASSUMPTIONS to derive their own viewpoint. Assumptions and Beliefs create our reality in real-time. We all witness this situation when we watch human behavior within our social environment. People reach different conclusions (about most issues) as they THINK differently and adopt different ASSUMPTIONS as they think! I have noticed this situation in my teaching experience!
I will present my viewpoint on economics, politics, or philosophy to a group and then I will notice that each person who listens to my presentation will derive somewhat unique conclusions about my presentation. Questions asked reveal this uniqueness and this difference in ‘viewpoint’. The economic/political/philosophical issues today are complex and confusing. This creates much confusion within a body of thinkers/believers.
The issues within religion are easy to discern as being unique to each person. I also noticed this situation within economics and politics. Science is now also revealing the reality that scientists THINK differently about most issues within science. Is my ‘consciousness’ created by my brain or is it separate from my brain (this is a confusing issues for many). I, personally, am convinced that my ‘consciousness’ is separate. This is why I call myself a DUALIST (philosophically). My brain is a material object (matter) and my consciousness is a non-material reality (spirit). This, for me, is obvious! This makes me a Dualist! A Dualist is one who perceives reality via their ‘consciousness’ (a separate reality from brain activity)! Wow!
We live in a WORLD of diversity and difference. Our cultures are different. Our upbringing is different. Our evolution from Zygote to Human is different. When I watch a video on my origin I notice that all of my being evolves from the unknown issues of DNA, Chromosomes, and Mental issues derived from one’s parent’s sperm/egg. All happens automatically from birth at the Zygote level to human development at the after birth level. DNA provides my material/physical identity. Life within the evolution of my self (from fertilization to birth) is mysterious and mostly unknown! Where did I get my talents from? Etc., Etc.
Life is based on making ASSUMPTIONS about reality (from birth to death). I never KNOW reality fully. All is mostly subjective and mysterious. Questions reveal that we all must learn from our experiences (continually). We never reach FULL understanding of WHY we are here or WHY events play out as they do! All is somewhat mysterious and subjective. But we do learn over time and this means that CHANGE does happen (both positive and negative). Who is behind all this mystery? No-one knows fully! Socrates had it right, we must question everything (continually) and learn as we ‘experience’ reality in the NOW! Assumptions and beliefs are derived from our experience of reality! Wow! Who understands?
This video provides some great ‘wisdom’ on the role that ASSUMPTIONS play within our life experiences. All is not fully objective, however. Listen and then derive meaning from what gives you AWARENESS! The video assumes that there is a LAW about assumptions. This idea is not fully valid IMO. But the greater information within this video is ‘excellent’!
I am: Donald Brynolf Swenson, Economist/Philosopher, https://kingdomecon.wordpress.com.
TWO prophecies to be ‘fulfilled’ soon! Isaiah 2 and Jeremiah 31! Why?
The above prophecy has not been fulfilled as of today. Our Creator God (I AM WHO I AM) will intervene in human affairs so that this prophecy will happen. My sense is that this will happen in our generation (soon). Our warmonger leaders (Trump, Putin, Zelensky, Xi, Netanyahu, etc.) will be removed from their authority so that this prophecy can be fulfilled. All this will happen (so says Father God)!
Our entire philosophy of Might makes Right (our military establishments) will be closed down so that we can ‘beat our swords into plowshares and our spears into pruning hooks’. This means that the war mentality will be extinguished within our mental worldviews. Peace will emerge for the entire planet and our I AM GOD will rule this planet from his ‘throne’ room in the heavens. A new Messiah will emerge on this planet (a flesh and blood human being) to initiate this new mentality for our planet. Wow!
All this is scheduled to happen in the next few years (this generation) as we are now living at the END TIMES( my view). The days of man’s rule will soon be over and our REAL leader (the I AM GOD) will rule over this planet. All natural resources will be given to the people on this planet. A decentralized system of administration will emerge for the entire planet. This is what our I AM God (our Creator God, Father God) will initiate (so it appears). Isaiah 2 is my evidence for all this prophecy. The Deed to planet 🌎 will be returned to the rightfully SOURCE!
The words of Isaiah 2 are engraved on the facade of our United Nations building in New York. Why? Probably because this prophecy is YET TO BE FULFILLED! When it is fulfilled, my sense is that this UN facade will change. But as of today, this prophecy is YET to be fulfilled. Our world leaders (Trump, Putin, Xi, and the rest) all promote WAR to solve their world disagreements today. This mentality leads to chaos, destruction, and a continuing world of killing. It solves NOTHING! Wow!
The other prophecy which has yet to be fulfilled (fully) is this prophecy in Jeremiah 31: 31-34. Read the text here:
The God of planet Earth is mostly UNKNOWN by the people on this planet. Who knows the ‘name’ and ‘title’ of this invisible Source which rules this planet? It is not Yeshua/Jesus/Mohammad/Moses/Brahma/or Satan. The real KING of this planet was revealed at Mount Sinai around 1446 BCE (give or take). This KING is perfect and has no interest in acting as a Warrior King going forward. This KING is now saying (via these prophecies above) that PEACE is needed for planet Earth. This KING is saying that he/she will intervene so that this event will happen. A new mentality will emerge (among the people) which is implanted within their inner soul/consciousness. This NEW COVENANT (derived from Father God) will change the mindset of everyone (including these world leaders (Trump, Putin, Xi, etc.) so that their authority will disappear and cease. The NEW authority will be KING I AM. The I AM WHO I AM will rule this planet. Everyone will bow to this invisible AUTHORITY so that PEACE can happen for this planet. All this is prophesied (so it appears) if I am reading scripture correctly. Isaiah 2 and Jeremiah 31 will get fulfilled (likely within our generation). Wow!
This is my theology for planet Earth. Can anyone prevent these prophecies from emerging? Not if these prophecies are valid (from our I AM GOD)! It is my view that we are living in the DAYS when these prophecies will be FULFILLED. Swords will be beaten into plowshares and Spears into pruning hooks. Real peace, justice, and freedom will emerge for the entire planet. God will rule and Trump, Putin, Xi, and the rest will be removed from POWER! Wow!
I am: Donald Brynolf Swenson, Economist/Philosopher, https://kingdomecon.wordpress.com.
The rule of man: pomp, ego, image! Some 1.75 billion fall ‘under’ Xi and Trump’s EGO mentality!
Our planet is ruled by men (mostly) who use their ego and image to rule over the many. Some 1.75 billion people are ruled by Xi and Trump. These two leaders desire to expand their respective Empires at the expense of the other. This is how our World works in 2026. Select men rule this planet and impose their limited perspectives on the many. It’s a system where the State is Supreme and the Individual is a servant of the State. Is this the best man can devise for planet Earth?
My sense is that this man ruled system is coming to an END in the near future. Why? Because it doesn’t work for the benefit of mankind. The system is built upon the idea of Might makes Right. Yes, military power and ego rule this planet and few comprehend the meaning of this reality. The STATE ends up as the perpetual entity which rules over mankind. Selected men (some women) are given POWER so as to rule over the many.
I have been watching this pomp, ego, and fantasy system for over 83 years. I now have reached the viewpoint that this fantasy system is coming to an END (soon). There is a much superior POWER that really RULES this planet and the people who live on this planet. As I write some 8.2 billion people occupy this planet we call Earth. Some 200+ nations exist on this planet. Each nation is ruled by some selected man (or woman) that acts like a GOD over the people who live under this system.
Yes, all these 200+ selected rulers act like they are God for their nation. They enter into ‘deals’ that are meant to elevate the ego and power of their nation. I live in the most powerful nation on planet Earth (America/USA). This nation of 250 years is now in real serious trouble from its rule by this STATE system of man. America’s DEBT is astronomical. America’s deficits are also astronomical. Debt and deficits make up the economic foundation of this nation of 250 years (1776 to 2026). Witness the situation here: http://www.usdebtclock.org.
Watch the various financial indices that rule over our economic system.
The future of this nation (called America/USA) is destined for serious change in the coming days, weeks, months, and years. It’s all due to the prior RULE of man (the State) over the people. It’s due to ego, power, image, and self promotion. America has reached the stage of an Empire. It rules planet Earth (so Trump assumes). Xi rules the 2nd most powerful nation on this planet (some 1.4 billion subservient citizens). Xi desires to exceed the Empire status of today’s America. His goal is to act as the new GOD over planet Earth. Playing God is the obvious role of our selected men/women who desire POWER over the people.
Trump desires to annihilate the nation of Iran if their man-ruled Gods do not bow to Trump’s concept of reality (America must win this war). If the rulers of Iran choose to challenge Trump (on this issue of winning) then his EGO crashes and burns. Trump becomes impotent in his ‘image’, ‘ego’, and ‘character’. Playing God is what our man-ruled leaders desire to do as they exercise their POWER over the people. It’s all about POWER and CONTROL!
Listen to America’s God as he expresses his ego and morality to the American people. Listen to the words chosen by this egoist. Does he desire to play God or what?
Listen and ask yourself if this God playing leader is expressing sound logic and character? Notice the ‘I’ language that Donald uses when he expresses his ego and presumed power. Does he assume that his position of power allows him to potentially annihilate the entire regime of Iran (all their selected leaders)? Would he actually do this after the coming mid-term elections? My sense is that Trump is full of false concepts of reality (bullshit). Presumably he wants voters to think that (after the mid-terms) he will act on his beliefs!
Watch the various financial indices that rule over our economic system. These indices are key to what people will think as they vote their beliefs on November 3, 2026. As I write the key indices are: Dow: 51,511; Oil: $92 and $102; Gold: $4,325; Bitcoin: $84,317; 10 yr Treasury: 5.116. Replay these indices after the coming mid-terms!
Personally, I am expecting Trump to lose the mid-terms. Both the House and Senate are likely to go Democratic. Trump will then be a lame duck. D
I am: Donald Brynolf Swenson, Economist/Philosopher, https://kingdomecon.wordpress.com
My philosophy of ‘numbers’ key to my viewpoint on economics/finance! Two mentors, Aristotle and Plato!
Economic reality is based upon one’s philosophy on this issue of: what are ‘numbers’? Are ‘numbers’ items which emerge from ‘matter’ (as Aristotle thought) or are ‘numbers’ derived from a ‘higher realm’ called the mind/consciousness (as Plato thought)? One’s viewpoint on this important issue is KEY to one’s forcast of reality going forward!
I was taught (in fourth grade) by my teacher that ‘time’ and ‘numbers’ were derived phenomena. They were derived from our inner/mental/conscious realm. My teacher was a believer in the philosophy of Plato (rather than Aristotle). Most teachers (I have discovered) are thinkers who accept the philosophy of Aristotle. This mindset assumes that ‘numbers’ are REAL items which emerge from observing reality.
Aristotle thought that we all observe objects in nature (say four chickens in a pen) and then this observation reveals that the ‘number’ four is a reality. In other words, ‘numbers’ emerge from matter (the observation of four chickens in a pen). Four is therefore an ‘objective’ reality and all observations (using ‘numbers’ are therefore objective realities). I say this is NOT valid thinking!
My philosophy is based upon the mindset of Socrates/Plato. This mindset (philosophy) says that ‘numbers’ are merely abstract items of the MIND. Numbers emerge from a separate (higher) realm of reality which Plato called ‘forms’. Forms are merely ‘ideas’ of the MIND which have NO existence within observable reality. The four chickens observation (for Plato) was man applying a ‘number’ to the observation. The ‘number’ came from the MIND of the observer (this number (4) was derived from mental ‘imagination’. This makes all ‘numbers’ essentially ‘imaginary’ phenomena (of our consciousness).
As an ‘appraiser’ who ‘valued’ houses, apartment buildings, office buildings, etc. I noticed that all my ‘valuations’ were assumed my me (initially) as objective valuations. If I valued a office building at $500,000, this meant that this ‘value’ was an objective number (which I viewed as REAL). But what did I discover in 1980 and after (the results of the Savings and Loan crisis? Were my valuations ‘objective’?
What I discovered is that all my so-called ‘mathematical’ valuations declined with the crisis that occurred within our Economy. All these ‘valuations’ were essentially ‘dependent’ on an economy that did not seriously DECLINE. But, in reality, the S & L crisis was real. Valuations of most houses, office buildings, and apartment complexes, all declinedI in ‘value’ with the economic crisis? What did this mean for my philosophy (re: numbers)?
I realized (from 1980 and after) that all my so-called ‘valuations’ (which I assumed were objective valuations) were REALLY ‘subjective/imaginary/mental’ valuations (which had been ‘derived’ from my MIND or Consciousness). The ‘numbers’ which were derived did not emerge from ‘MATTER’ (as teachers who accepted Aristotle had assumed) but they actually were mere ‘imaginary’ numbers (called ‘valuations’) that came from the MIND of appraisers (who all derived different mathematical results), called VALUE! So what did I learn from this S & L financial crisis of 1980?
What I learned from this financial CRISIS is that this idea called ‘VALUE’ is really a product of the human MIND. The so-called ‘numbers’ that I had derived for dozens of houses and buildings were essentially products of my ‘imagination’ (my MIND). The ‘numbers’ were not items derived from MATTER (as Aristotle had taught to his students) but they really were items of one’s HIGHER consciousness/mind. The ‘numbers’ (valuations) were all ‘IMAGINARY’ and could decline to ZERO!
Today, I live in a world of ‘virtual/digital’ numbers (all appearing within this space called ‘cyberspace’. Some 97% of all financial transactions are now ‘virtual transactions. The ‘numbers’ are ‘virtual’ and the entire transaction (the valuations) are virtual. This means that all these ‘virtual’ numbers are actually products of the human MIND (who created the ‘numbers’ that we observe on our computer screen). It is the human MIND which creates ‘numbers’ and these ‘numbers’ LIVE within my/your ‘consciousness’ (our inner/higher self/mind). These ‘numbers’ called dollars/euros/krona/rubles/yuan, etc. are really all ‘IMAGINARY’ units of nothing! WOW! Who understands???
My mindset or philosophy is totally BASED upon my perceptions of REALITY. For me, reality is subjective/derived/mental. I derive all my perceptions from my viewpoint on this issue of WHAT is reality (in the NOW). For me, my prior EXPERIENCES reveal to me that ‘numbers’ are units of my ‘imagination’…not real items of this substance called MATTER. Aristotle was a philosopher that most thinkers assume had it right on this issue of ‘numbers’ (they were items derived from MATTER). I say he was mistaken and Socrates and Plato had it right. These philosophers revealed that ‘math/numbers’ are really abstract units of our consciousness (and they ‘live’ within our higher mental world of abstractions). Numbers are really ‘imaginary’ units…not real units derived from MATTER. 😲 WOW!!!
Conclusions: my philosophy is based upon my prior experiences (primarily my experiences with ‘numbers’ and ‘valuations’). I have experienced what I believe are valid ideas which the many seem to ignore. In reality, I think my fourth grade teacher had it right (numbers are units of one’s imagination)…not items that exist within nature. Numbers are used to assist us with economic transactions. But these transactions are like shadows of reality when fully understood. Today, our financial transactions are lived within a computer screen (called cyberspace). We assume that all these financial transactions (the numbers) are real and objective representations of reality. But are they? My philosophy says that these financial ‘numbers’ (called money or currencies) are really illusions of the human consciousness/mind. We are now living in Plato’s allegory of the cave (with respect to our beliefs in ‘numbers’). Numbers are really the ‘shadows’ that appear on the wall of the cave. These ‘numbers’ are not objective or real (in the sense of containing a substance that exists).
Numbers create the ‘shadow’ (appearance of reality). When fully understood, numbers are really non-physical units of our invisible ‘consciousness’. Numbers are called virtual units of reality. But a virtual unit is a ‘shadow’ unit…it does not technically ‘exist’. At some point all these ‘numbers’ (called money) will start a financial DECLINE and then each/every ‘number’ will disappear and vanish from our assumed reality of objectivity. Give the below video on Plato’s Cave some reflection (as you apply the lesson to today’s financial world of cyber numbers).
The financial crisis of 1980 and then the later financial crisis of 2008 were real lessons for me. These financial events demonstrated (to me) that we live within our consciousness/mind and all ‘numbers’ derive from our human consciousness/mind. Today’s virtual reality reveals (to me) that ‘numbers’ within cyberspace (our computer screen) are really units created from the human mind. Our financial authorities create these ‘numbers’ (using their computers) and we all live within our personal mental environment as we do our buying/selling/investing and our financial transactions.
It is all subjective (at the core) and we WILL experience another serious financial crisis in the near future. Numbers (disappear) when this crisis happens. Values decline when this crisis happens. Currencies like the dollar can disappear within our computer screens (cyberspace) when this happens. This means that items like gold/silver/copper/whiskey could act as substitutes when our ‘imaginary’ currencies decline and disappear. Think on this philosophy and then derive your own viewpoint on issues of reality! Have a great day!
I am: Donald Brynolf Swenson, Economist/Philosopher, http://kingdomecon.wordpress.
I am: Donald B. Swenson, Economist/Philosopoher, https://kingdomecon.wordpress.com.
